مراجع

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[2] “Chapter 16: Spermicides and Diaphragms.” Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers, 2022, fphandbook.org/chapter-16-spermicides-and-diaphragms. Accessed August 2023.

[3] Shoupe, D. “Barrier Contraceptives: Male Condoms, Vaginal Spermicides, and Cervical Barrier Methods.” The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management, 2016, eknygos.lsmuni.lt/springer/677/147-177.pdf. Accessed August 2023.

[4] “How Effective: Spermicides?” Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers, 2022, fphandbook.org/how-effective-spermicides. Accessed August 2023.

[5] “Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 5: Barrier Methods.” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 2015, www.jogc.com/article/S1701-2163(16)39376-8/pdf. Accessed August 2023.

[6] “Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers.” World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs, 2018, apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/260156/9780999203705-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed August 2023.

[7] Xia, M., et al. “DL-Mandelic acid exhibits high sperm-immobilizing activity and low vaginal irritation: A potential non-surfactant spermicide for contraception.” Science Direct, 2020, reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0753332220302961?token=063F3CA5FE829FE276755EF2EE8152EBC11B2906592153330A395D73878C354BC3E701A06960C98C04FA57B0D8AB401A . Accessed August 2023.